China is Russia’s biggest single trade partner, with its share rising to 12.8 percent from 12 percent in 2015. Even so, the overall turnover of goods fell by 26 percent last year to $68.1 billion. That means the countries are far off reaching their target of $100 billion in trade.

Socar President Rovnag Abdullaev disclosed last week that Azerbaijan was in the process of negotiating an agreement under which it would purchase 3-5bn m³/yr of gas from Gazprom.

Perhaps the biggest hurdle is Russia’s business climate. While frequently fodder for criticism, there’s progress. Russia has surged by 61 spots in the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index since 2013 to 51st this year.

The agreement provides for the expansion of cooperation between the parties in Russia, Vietnam and third countries in the area of hydrocarbon exploration and production (including offshore), processing, commerce and logistics, as well as staff training. The parties agreed to consider potential options for joint projects and define the basic terms of cooperation as well as establish a working group for each of the areas of cooperation.

The parties plan to examine further opportunities for mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of hydrocarbon prospecting, exploration and development. Among the opportunities being considered are joint activities within new projects at licensed blocks on the shelf of Vietnam and in third countries.

Russian state-owned oil and gas giant Gazprom is currently working to create a liquefied natural gas (LNG) distribution hub in Bahrain. The hub will be meant to intake LNG from various sources, including Russia.

Gazprom reported the average production cost of natural gas in 2015 at ₽1643 per 1000 cubic meters (mcm) or $27.09/mcm or $0.84/MMBtu. The corresponding numbers for 2014 are ₽1470/mcm, $38.73/mcm and $1.21/MMBtu. The cost in US dollars is affected by the devaluation of Russian ruble. The average US dollar rate in 2015 was ₽60.66 compared with ₽37.97 in 2014.

The reality is that the Kremlin is always likely to be heavily involved in the Russian oil industry. That creates the concern that the proposals might be structured to try to achieve higher prices, which is not consistent with efficient price discovery.

Profit attributable to owners of PJSC Gazprom for the year ended December 31, 2015 totaled RUB 787,056 million which is RUB 628,052 million, or 5 times more than for the year ended December 31, 2014.

"В состав алжирской делегации Форума вошли более 200 бизнесменов, заинтересованных в развитии деловых связей в топливно-энергетическом комплексе, сельском хозяйстве, строительстве и других секторах экономики"

The parties focused, inter alia, on the exploration activities in blocks 112 and 129–132 and the joint development of the Moc Tinh and Hai Thach fields. It was noted that the construction of 12 production wells, three production platforms, a floating hydrocarbon storage terminal, and a submarine pipeline system had been completed at these fields. The total accumulated production from the Moc Tinh and Hai Thach fields since its launch in 2013 has now reached 4.5 billion cubic meters of gas and 1.1 million tons of gas condensate.

Rosneft appreciates the prospects of cooperation with Pertamina, which will provide an additional channel for Rosneft to supply its high-margin products to one of the fastest growing economies in the region (4.79% GDP growth in 2015). The Republic of Indonesia, with a population of 254 million people, is the largest Asian-Pacific net importer of motor fuels and petrochemicals. Petroleum products, produced from Russian crude, are supplied to Indonesia primarily from South Korea and Singapore. It is crucial for Rosneft to arrange direct shipments of hydrocarbons, which will increase the economic efficiency of oil refining in Indonesia.

The Company’s Normalized EBITDA, including our respective share in the EBITDA of joint ventures, amounted to RR 62.1 billion, representing a 13.3% increase compared to the EBITDA for the first quarter 2015. Profit attributable to NOVATEK shareholders increased by 3.7 times to RR 115.9 billion, as compared to RR 31.1 billion in the first quarter 2015.

Putin's interest in Israeli gas is neither secret nor new. In 2012 Russia's Gazprom discussed the possible purchase of a 30% stake in Israel's offshore Leviathan gas field. In 2013 Gazprom signed a contract to purchase much of the Tamar gas field's production but the contract wasn’t approved by Israel's Energy Ministry.

Russia has been developing new pipeline projects such as South Stream, Turk Stream and Nord Stream 2. If one of them were to be realized then transit risk stemming from Ukraine would be severely minimized and Moscow would have important strategic leverage.