Dr Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), set the tone for the event by declaring at its outset: “Nuclear power is making comeback—and in a strong fashion.”

Here at the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, our mission is to deliver scientific discoveries.

Lithium, which, after a refining process, is used to produce cathode materials for lithium batteries, is currently produced almost entirely outside the United States.

South Africa also aims to become a world-leading exporter of hydrogen.

Risks over existing gas supplies from Russia will continue through the coming months, with just one pipeline route open to the biggest European customers.

The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary. H. L. Mencken

Currently, the most expensive form of generation -- gas -- sets the price for all electricity that’s sold into the market. That means consumers are bearing the brunt of Russia’s supply cuts to the continent. It also means Europe isn’t feeling much of the benefit of low-cost renewables like wind farms, which get to sell at big margins.

“Türkiye, due to its geographical position, is an energy corridor from Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. Any kind of natural gas or oil that is going to be transported or shipped, will cost less and will be shipped more safely,”

Global primary energy demand is forecast to continue growing in the medium- and long-term, increasing by a significant 23% in the period to 2045. The world needs to annually add on average 2.7 million barrels of oil equivalent a day to 2045.

The selected projects, led by universities, national laboratories, and the private sector aim to develop commercially scalable technologies that will enable greater domestic supplies of copper, nickel, lithium, cobalt, rare earth elements, and other critical elements.