On the margins of this year’s United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi and OPEC Fund Director General Abdulhamid Alkhalifa signed Practical Arrangements on Cooperation in the Area of Climate Adaptation to enhance collaborative efforts by both entities to develop and implement joint projects on climate adaptation.

The declaration says the countries recognise the need for a tripling of nuclear energy capacity to achieve "global net-zero greenhouse gas/carbon neutrality by or around mid-century and in keeping a 1.5 degrees celsius limit on temperature rise within reach".

And that is what climatologists have completely overlooked. They have noted that the mean surface temperature is far hotter than the solar radiation to the surface, or even just to regions above in the troposphere, could explain in accord with the Stefan-Boltzmann Law.

The United States is entering a period of severely constrained electric supply. Demand is rising — including anticipated electric load from artificial intelligence, the need to shutter all coal facilities, and the limits to transmission from the renewable resources (wind and sun) 0f the West — and it will overwhelm the system unless it is substantially augmented with new generation.

It is actually downward convective heat which can and does proceed from cooler to warmer regions but can only do so because the Loschmidt Gravito-thermal effect exists and is the state of maximum entropy or, as physicists call it, thermodynamic equilibrium.

Extreme weather events,food supply disruption add urgency to energy transition.Panama Canal drought has effectively reduced carrying capacity due to climate change. Green deal creating incentives on critical minerals.

There are currently $242bn of funds in the UK marketed as “sustainable”, according to data provider Morningstar Direct, compared with $290bn in the US and nearly $2tn in the rest of Europe.

“Right now, we have 22.8 GW of renewable energy projects under different stages of development; 2.8 GW will be operational before the end of the year,” Muneef Al-Muneef, general director of renewable energy policies at the Saudi Ministry of Energy.

So why does the climate change? It is most likely due to variations in cloud cover because clouds reflect about 20% of the incident solar radiation back to space. Virtually all climate change in the last few thousand years can be explained if that 20% figure varied just between 19% and 21%.

Nuclear had only partially been included in the commission's proposal for NZIA. Among the 10 technologies it proposed was "advanced technologies to produce energy from nuclear processes with minimal waste from the fuel cycle, small modular reactors, and related best-in-class fuels".