"Russia is willing to present a range of joint projects and consider potential benefits even for foreign companies that would like to invest in clean technologies, including in our country," Putin said.

"The world will need to generate many times more clean energy than we do today. To achieve this will require that we use every low-carbon technology at our disposal. Nuclear power must be one of those technologies."

The total number of nuclear plants in the USA has over the past two decades from 104 to 94, some 5.1 GW of nuclear capacity is anticipated to go offline this year,

"China has committed to move from carbon peak to carbon neutrality in a much shorter time span than what might take many developed countries, and that requires extraordinarily hard efforts from China,"

Brent declined 95 cents, or 1.4%, to $65.62 a barrel. WTI fell 93 cents, or 1.4%, to $61.74 a barrel.

In recent times many countries are viewing hydrogen energy as an area essential for the implementation of national low-carbon development strategies. However, hydrogen is a secondary energy source, i.e. additional energy is required to produce it, which has an effect on its cost price.

Nuclear energy is the largest (26.7% in 2019) single source of low-carbon energy in the EU, ahead of hydro (12.3%), wind (13.3%), solar (4.4%) and other (0.5%).

"Nuclear power is a present solution. It is also a future energy alternative. It may not be for everyone. But for many countries in Africa, it is an option worth looking at."

The simplest version of the Teplator has been designed to operate at normal atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit), requiring fewer complicated technical solutions and materials.

Europe’s top indexes also all opened higher ahead of the latest meeting of the European Central Bank, with the broad STOXX Europe 600 up 0.5%, bolstered by upbeat earnings from Nestle and Volvo.