Global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will increase for countries both inside and outside of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) over the next 30 years under current laws and regulations.

“Low carbon renewable energy sources are climate friendly but are not always readily controllable or able to meet energy demand due to the intermittent nature of solar and wind, and the absence of massive energy storage capacities. This means the power grid often requires supplementary energy sources,”

The article proposes a solution to the problems of consumer protection and competition in the renewable energy market, which contradict the UNCTAD policy and the laws of the states parties to the UNFCCC framework convention, but are not discussed or resolved by them.

China, currently the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, plans make sure its carbon dioxide emissions peak by 2030 and has vowed to become carbon-neutral before 2060

Likhachov said experts from European Union countries had this year proved that nuclear energy throughout its entire life cycle is one of the main carbon-free energy sources.

UK strategy would take a "twin-track approach", she said. "It would not be blue or green, but both. Blue gives us volume as well as investment."

"So that the hydrogen produced by electrolysis is low carbon, it is necessary to use electricity that is 'green' - from renewable energy - or 'yellow' - from nuclear power,"

The new emissions trading system (ETS), that will charge power plants and industrial plants for each tonne of CO2 emitted through ICE, will replace the EU ETS that the United Kingdom left at the end of the Brexit transition period in December 2020.

Germany will now aim for a 65% cut in carbon emissions by 2030 and net zero by 2045, up from a previous 55% for 2030 and net zero by 2050.

The government has said it will grant a total of 5 billion euros in subsidies in 2021 for technologies that will help it achieve its climate goals.