In a recent twist, Berlin is no longer ruling out shelving the pipeline project. But Europe is currently facing a winter energy crunch. Prices of natural gas have skyrocketed in recent months, and stockpiles in EU countries are at a five-year low.

Already, oil prices have hit seven-year highs in recent days over the ratcheting tensions between the West and Russia over Ukraine.

Ukraine, which earns more than Poland from gas transit fees, may have to look at ways to diversify its own supplies and rethink its function in the European gas system. Until it does, it will continue to depend on Russia.

Oil, gas and resources companies, and trading desks, are fretting about the provisions around sanctions on Russian extractive industries, financial institutions and banks, Russian leaders and businessmen, and the use of global services, such as wire transfers.

The agreement between Iran and world powers lifted sanctions against Tehran in exchange for restrictions on its atomic activities.

Moscow plans to build a new pipeline to China, which could give Russia the power to sell gas to the highest bidder, pitting Chinese and European consumers against one another.

Efforts to impose sanctions on the Nord Stream 2, an undersea gas pipeline from Russia to Germany that would give Moscow enormous leverage over Europe, have long drawn bipartisan support on Capitol Hill,

Iran insists on immediate removal of all Trump-era sanctions in a verifiable process.

то, что Иран сделал вместе с Россией (которая работает в иранском Бушере с 2012 года), а именно – первая в стране атомная электростанция – проект огромного масштаба.

The operator Nord Stream 2 AG continues the necessary technical preparations for the pipeline ahead of its launch.

The Bundesnetzagentur on Nov. 16 suspended the procedure to certify Nord Stream 2 AG as an independent transmission operator while the company transferred assets to the German subsidiary to take over the application.

The U.S. and some European opponents of Nord Stream 2 say it will make Europe too reliant on Russian gas, allowing Moscow to expand its political, economic and military influence. But other governments say it is vital to secure energy supplies, as gas prices surge and the threat of power outages looms.

NIOC has planned that, God willing, if the assumptions and requirements of these plans are provided, in the next 10 years, daily gas production will reach 1.5 billion cubic meters and crude oil production capacity will reach 5 million barrels.

In Tehran on 23 November, Mr Grossi met with Mohammad Eslami, the Vice President of Iran and Head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, and Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, Minister of Foreign Affairs.

The UK does not support Russia's Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project to Germany