Brent were up $2.98 or 3.03% to $101.46 a barrel, WTI was up $3 or 3.18% to $97.29 a barrel.

Russia's invasion has driven up the price of the oil, gas and grain it exports, providing it with a substantial windfall to fund its "special military operation" - now entering a new phase as Moscow focuses on the eastern Donbas region after failing to break Ukraine's defence of the capital Kyiv.

Japan typically takes high-CV, low-ash coal from Russia

Brent was down $2.08, or 2%, at $100.70 a barrel, WTI lost $2.19, or 2.2%, to $96.07.

Germany and Europe's dependence on Russian natural gas supplies cannot be eliminated in the short term without considerable economic damage.

Brent advanced by 16 cents, or 0.2% to $100.77 a barrel, WTI gained 35 cents, or 4%, to $96.37 a barrel.

OPEC's 13 members raised output by 60,000 b/d to 28.73 million b/d, but that was more than offset by a 160,000 b/d decline by the bloc's nine allies, who pumped 13.91 million b/d.

Novak is Russia's key negotiator in the OPEC+ group, which has resisted calls from consumers to increase production.

Up until now, Europe has not announced an energy emergency plan. However, the latest figures show that Europe's gas storage capacity is only 26% full.

Brent climbed $1.05 or 1.%, to $102.12 a barrel, WTI rose 86 cents, or 0.9%, to $97.09 a barrel.