UOKiK on Oct. 7 imposed a fine of more than Zloty 29 billion ($7.62 billion, Eur6.48 billion) on Russian gas giant Gazprom for building Nord Stream 2 without its approval, as well as a fine totaling Zloty 234 million on five European companies that helped finance the project.

The almost complete Nord Stream 2 was meant to come online at the end of 2019, but the threat of US sanctions against companies working on laying the pipeline saw main contractor Allseas halt work in December last year.

Russia’s energy-related CO2 emissions in 2019 were around 20% below their 1990 level, at around 1 750 MtCO2.

Ожидаемый объем дополнительных нефтегазовых доходов федерального бюджета прогнозируется в ноябре 2020 года в размере -68,3 млрд руб.

Rosatom is planning to build a small nuclear power plant in Yakutia.

In September 2019, Russia awarded a €1.3bn funding to build the project, which will correspond to 85% of the total investment.

Russia was Turkey's top gas import destination, supplying 1.37 bcm of natural gas while Azerbaijan and Iran followed with 986 and 406 mcm, respectively.

Opportunities include further development of hydrocarbons reserves in Russia's Arctic offshore zone, which contains over 85.1 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, and 17.3 billion mt of crude and condensate.

A little over 150 km of Nord Stream 2 remains to be laid in Danish and German waters, but with the political debate becoming ever more frenzied, it remains unclear how and when the pipeline will be completed.

Russia's Rosatom has entered a competition to establish a nuclear power plant in Saudi Arabia, as part of Rosatom’s global expansion.