South Africa also aims to become a world-leading exporter of hydrogen.

Risks over existing gas supplies from Russia will continue through the coming months, with just one pipeline route open to the biggest European customers.

The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary. H. L. Mencken

Currently, the most expensive form of generation -- gas -- sets the price for all electricity that’s sold into the market. That means consumers are bearing the brunt of Russia’s supply cuts to the continent. It also means Europe isn’t feeling much of the benefit of low-cost renewables like wind farms, which get to sell at big margins.

UAE Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology and Special Envoy for Climate Change Dr. Sultan Al Jaber and Special Presidential Coordinator Amos Hochstein signed the Partnership on behalf of the UAE and the US.

India’s cooperation with the UAE and the rest of the world in green energy will give an optimistic note on future energy scenario.

Global primary energy demand is forecast to continue growing in the medium- and long-term, increasing by a significant 23% in the period to 2045. The world needs to annually add on average 2.7 million barrels of oil equivalent a day to 2045.

The selected projects, led by universities, national laboratories, and the private sector aim to develop commercially scalable technologies that will enable greater domestic supplies of copper, nickel, lithium, cobalt, rare earth elements, and other critical elements.

Just eliminating fossil fuel alone is a tall order -- 22 percent of the current generating mix is coal and 38 percent is natural gas. Half of the generation will, in theory, go offline while demand for electricity soars.

The US and India have continually increased their trade in other sectors, so this has made partnering on energy very easy. Additionally, both countries are facing difficulties with keeping energy prices low, so they have had to look for new initiatives.

China's crude imports from Russia have continued to stay elevated through 2022, averaging at 1.71 million b/d over January-August, up 7.3% year on year, according to customs data.

Lesson one is that energy security and energy transition must be in balance to sustain energy systems that are also affordable.

The current situation, rather than “making green energy so cheap that eventually everyone will want it”, is making green energy so expensive that eventually no one will want it.

This €200bn package is expected to include a €96bn subsidy scheme which was introduced earlier in October 2022.

The REPowerEU plan, which aims to end the EU’s dependence on Russian fossil fuels and tackle the climate crisis, will seek to raise the share of renewables in the region’s final energy consumption to 45% by 2030.