The regulator said a new subsidiary of Nord Stream 2 AG announced by the operator would need to submit a new application for certification.

The Company increased its gas supplies to Turkey (+98.1 per cent), Germany (+19.6 per cent), Italy (+18.3 per cent), Romania (+247.1 per cent), Serbia (+92.9 per cent), Bulgaria (+48.2 per cent), Poland (+7.3 per cent), Greece (+13.7 per cent), Slovenia (+53.3 per cent), and Finland (+10.8 per cent).

Russia has said that Nord Stream 2 is ready to begin commercial operations pending regulatory approval and that gas flows through the pipeline would help ease the current high European gas prices, which remain at sustained highs on winter supply concerns.

The majority of Iraq's gas output is pumped with oil and the associated gas is mostly flared. Iraq was the world's second-worst flaring nation after Russia in 2020, according to the World Bank.

At the end of 2019, combined oil output from ExxonMobil, BP, Shell, Chevron, TotalEnergues, Equinor, ConocoPhillips, and Eni stood at 13.3 million b/d, or about 13% of total global supplies,

Gas accounts for around 70% of fuel use in Iran, with the household sector being the largest consumer at up to 400 million cu m/d on cold days, followed by power plants and petrochemical facilities.

In 2020, Algeria exported 8.7 bcm of natural gas via pipelines to Spain, accounting for about a quarter of the country's total gas imports, and 1.3 bcm to Portugal.

We expect Brent prices will remain near current levels for the rest of 2021, averaging $82/b in the fourth quarter of 2021. In 2022, we expect that growth in production from OPEC+, U.S. tight oil, and other non-OPEC countries will outpace slowing growth in global oil consumption and contribute to Brent prices declining from current levels to an annual average of $72/b.

European gas prices have remained high through October and November, in part due to lower-than-expected imports from Russia and low levels of EU storage, especially in Gazprom-owned sites such as Rehden in Germany and Haidach in Austria.

"About 50% of the incremental global natural gas demand will come from Asia by 2035, with China and India as the main engines to boost the development of the LNG market," Luo said.

Despite a brief Covid-related output dip, US LNG exports rose 31% in 2020 to hit an all-time high of 2.4 trillion cubic feet (Tcf).

China's overall trucked LNG price averaged Yuan 7,813/mt across the entire country Nov. 1, up 14% from Oct. 25 and 32% higher than early October, data from Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange showed.

According to preliminary data, Gazprom produced 422.6 billion cubic meters of gas in January–October of 2021, which is 15.8 per cent (or 57.7 billion cubic meters) more than in the same period of last year.

Gazprom and Moldovagaz extended the contract for Russian gas supplies to consumers in the Republic of Moldova from November 1, 2021, for a period of five years on mutually beneficial terms.

Coal (including lignite) still dominates the energy mix with 60% in 2020, but its share is decreasing rapidly (-11% points since 2010).