The steep rise in European gas prices has been driven by a combination of a strong recovery in demand and tighter-than-expected supply, as well as several weather-related factors.

Global energy consumption will increase nearly 50% over the next 30 years.

Gazprom increased gas supplies to Turkey (+138.3 per cent), Germany (+33.2 per cent), Italy (+14.2 per cent), Romania (+305.6 per cent), Serbia (+125.2 per cent), Poland (+11.2 per cent), Bulgaria (+52.5 per cent), Greece (+10.8 per cent), and Finland (+17.5 per cent).

Hungary and Croatia started receiving Russian natural gas via a new route: the gas is supplied by the TurkStream gas pipeline and further across the national gas transmission systems of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Hungary.

Azerbaijan is the second-largest natural gas supplier to Turkey accounting for a quarter of total imports, after Russia (33%).

15-year contracts signed for supplies of Russian gas to Hungary

China saw robust market demand of natural gas in 2021, and the country's total gas demand is expected to rise 11%-13% on the year to 365-370 Bcm this year

Gas prices in Ukraine began to climb in April this year, and in August and September they soared to record levels

Slovak natural gas transmission system operator Eustream aims to be technologically ready to blend up to 5% hydrogen into its gas system by 2023

PGNiG and the Polish government have long been opposed to Nord Stream 2, saying it threatens European energy security and could see Poland's role as a transit country for Russian gas to Europe reduced.

Preliminary production figures for August 2021 show an average daily production of 2 114 000 barrels of oil, NGL and condensate.

Poland would be able to diversify its natural gas supplies in 2022 with the opening of the Baltic pipeline which would bring gas from Norway.

На уровне глав государств евразийской «пятёрки» утверждены Концепция и Программа формирования общих рынков нефти и нефтепродуктов ЕАЭС.

The UK does not support Russia's Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project to Germany

Benchmark European power prices have rocketed this year, more than trebling in Spain and elsewhere