The EU says its sanctions are meant to cut Moscow revenues and access to technology used in war.

The stricter guidelines come as the outlook darkens for limiting global temperature increases to around 1.5C, with a lack of financing for greener projects a key hurdle.

A total of 529.2 billion cubic meters of gas were added to natural gas reserves in the course of geological exploration in 2022. This means that gas reserve addition rates have been surpassing gas production rates for as many as 18 consecutive years (with the 2022 production rates standing at 412.6 billion cubic meters of gas).

Preliminary production figures for February 2023 show an average daily production of 1 994 000 barrels of oil, NGL and condensate.

As the EU pushes more broadly to bolster clean energy, it’s also responding to concerns that green industries could emigrate to the US and China, with the price that Europe pays for its energy a driving factor.

The fund returned -14.1 percent, or -1,637 billion kroner, in a year of rising interest rates, high inflation and war in Europe. However, the market value of the fund increased by 90 million kroner in 2022.

Prior to the sanctions, between October 2021 and September 2022, diesel imports from Russia made up 53% of Northwest Europe’s seaborne imports.

The Brent crude oil spot price will fall from an average of $84/b in the second quarter of 2023 (2Q23) to $81/b in 4Q23 and then average $78/b in 2024.

Preliminary production figures for January 2023 show an average daily production of 1 979 000 barrels of oil, NGL and condensate.

We can replace all crude oil with cellulosic biomass (corn stover, forest debris, etc.) liquid drop-in hydrocarbons if the conversion process uses massive external sources of heat and hydrogen.

spot price of Brent crude oil falls to an average of $82/b in 2H23 and $78/b in 2024.

Russia’s natural gas production fell by more than 13% in 2022, according to preliminary data published by the Russian state statistics service Rosstat.

The transition to a low-carbon world requires a range of other energy sources and technologies, including low-carbon hydrogen, modern bioenergy, and carbon capture, use and storage.

In 2022, the Government Pension Fund Global returned -14.1 percent, equivalent to -1,637 billion kroner.

According to the latest issue of FERC's monthly "Energy Infrastructure Update" (with data through November 30, 2022), "high probability" additions by solar to U.S. generating capacity between December 2022 and November 2025 will total 72,809 megawatts (MW).